Insects are responsible for spreading many diseases. Clean water, hygiene and good sewerage systems prevent the spread of water-borne diseases such as typhoid and cholera. Some diseases are caused by drinking water that is contaminated by human or animal faeces, which may contain disease-causing microbes. Microbes can be spread from one food to another during the preparation process, for example by unclean hands, or dirty kitchen utensils, and cause illness when those foods are eaten. They feed on faecal waste and transfer microbes from their feet and other body parts to food. House flies are very good at spreading Salmonella and E.coli O157. Insects can also transmit pathogens to food. If they do they can cause the unpleasant symptoms of food poisoning such as sickness and diarrhoea when the contaminated food is eaten. Therefore great care must be taken at every stage of food production to ensure that harmful microbes are not allowed to survive and multiply. They can get into our food at any point along the food chain from ‘plough to plate’. Microbes need nutrients for growth and they like to consume the same foods as humans. A cough or a sneeze can release millions of microbes into the air in droplets of mucus or saliva which can then infect somebody else if they breathe in the infected particles. Measles, mumps and tuberculosis can be spread by coughing or sneezing. SalivaĪ cold or the flu can be caught from the saliva of an infected person when you kiss them. Hepatitis B and HIV can be spread through sexual intercourse or sharing used syringe needles contaminated with infected blood. Contaminated blood or other bodily fluids Transmission by person to person contact.
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